![]() ![]() Consequently, a fish species can only become infected with certain parasites if they pass through the endemic area of that parasite 8. The basic premise underlying the use of parasites as biological tags is that naturally occurring parasites have a discontinuous distribution from that of their host 1, 4, 7. The use of parasites as biological tags has long offered a powerful technique to provide information on the movement, connectivity, and biology of fishes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6. Marine ecosystems are constantly changing, and the complexities of these systems present many challenges for defining fish populations hence, various tools have been introduced for new methods of stock identification 1. Such knowledge is fundamental to understanding population dynamics and species ecology, eventually leading to a greater understanding of the resilience and potential responses of a species to exploitation, and environmental change 2. Understanding of fish stock structure and patterns of connectivity is critical to fisheries management, as well as being an essential baseline for spatially scaled population-level research 1, 2, 3. Our findings support the utility of parasitic organisms for elucidating the population structure of host species and reiterate the need to account for both spatial and temporal variability when performing stock discrimination analyses. Parasite assemblages at one nearshore site remained distinct across spatial and temporal scales. During the wet season (December–March) there was substantial overlap in the parasite assemblages at three of the four sites indicating that fish population mixing may be occurring. Across time, parasite assemblages at the four sites were distinct during the mid-dry (April–August) and build-up (September–November) seasons. Analysis of parasite prevalence and mean intensity in these fish suggested the four sampling sites are distinct host populations. Differences in parasite assemblage between four locations, across three seasons of the year, were used to evaluate the degree of connectivity of the sciaenid across coastal study areas. The lack of improvement in flow reserve after both balloon angioplasty and rotational atherectomy suggests that the mechanisms of improved flow reserve may be device independent, and remain unexplained.We evaluated spatial and temporal variability in parasite communities from the commercially important tropical marine fish the black-spotted croaker ( Protonibea diacanthus) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) to examine its population structure off the coast of the Northern Territory, Australia. Similarly, no change in coronary flow reserve has been reported immediately after balloon angioplasty alone. Despite the significant improvement of coronary hemodynamics noted immediately after combined rotational atherectomy and balloon angioplasty, coronary flow reserve remained abnormal. Regardless of the mechanism, the transient reduction of coronary flow was rapidly reversed by coronary vasodilators. Immediately after rotational atherectomy alone, there is a reduction in angiographically determined coronary flow, suggesting either distal microvascular spasm or distal microvascular obstruction. However, no change in coronary flow reserve was noted (1.24 +/- 0.1 vs. Following adjunctive balloon angioplasty, there was an increase in lumen diameter (1.29 +/- 0.1 vs. Intracoronary nitroglycerin and verapamil was associated with return to baseline of both measurements. In addition, the number of Cineframes to Opacification of a preselected distal landmark increased twofold (from 49 +/- 12 to 118 +/- 27 frames P < 0.05). After rotational atherectomy alone, two patients had TIMI-I, four patients had TIMI-II, and four patients had TIMI-III flow. All patients had TIMI-III flow at baseline. The aim of this study was to determine the coronary hemodynamic changes by Doppler flow wire before and after rotational atherectomy and adjunctive balloon angioplasty in 10 patients. The phenomenon of "no-reflow" has been described frequently after rotational atherectomy. ![]()
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